What Is Titanium Dioxide Used For-Are Zinc Oxide And Titanium Dioxide Safe
Zinc oxide and titanium dioxide are generally considered safe for use in a variety of applications, including as ingredients in sunscreen, skincare products, and even in food and medicine. However, their safety can depend on several factors, such as the form they are in, how they are used, and the concentration in which they are applied.
**Zinc Oxide:**
– **Topical Use:** As a common ingredient in sunscreens, zinc oxide is effective at blocking both UVA and UVB rays. It is often referred to as a physical or mineral sunscreen. In its non-nano form (particles larger than 100 nanometers), zinc oxide is considered safe and does not penetrate the skin. However, nano-sized particles of zinc oxide may penetrate the skin to some extent and there is ongoing research to determine their potential effects.
– **Ingestion:** Zinc oxide is also used as an additive in food and as an ingredient in some dietary supplements. It is recognized as safe by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) when used in appropriate amounts.
**Titanium Dioxide:**
– **Topical Use:** Titanium dioxide is another common ingredient in sunscreens, functioning as a UV-blocking agent. Similar to zinc oxide, it is considered safe in its non-nano form. nano-titanium dioxide may pose different risks due to its potential to penetrate the skin and its increased surface area, which could lead to increased reactivity.
– **Inhalation:** Inhalation of fine titanium dioxide dust has been classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) due to studies showing a potential increased risk of lung cancer in workers exposed to high levels of the dust.
– **Ingestion:** The use of titanium dioxide as a food additive (E171) has been more controversial. Some studies have suggested potential health concerns, including effects on the immune system and the gut microbiota, especially when it is in the form of nano-particles. The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has recommended re-evaluating the safety of titanium dioxide as a food additive due to these concerns.
In summary, both zinc oxide and titanium dioxide are generally safe for use in their intended applications, especially when used according to guidelines. However, the safety of nanoforms of these substances is still under investigation, and there is ongoing debate about their potential health effects. It is always recommended to follow the guidance of health authorities and use these products as directed.